Semarang

The Treaty of Semarang was signed on 18 May 1743, marking the transfer of control over Central Java, including Semarang, from the Sultanate of Mataram to the Dutch East India Company (VOC). This treaty was significant as it represented a major consolidation of Dutch territorial expansion in Java, allowing the VOC to strengthen its commercial interests and establish a stronger presence in the region. The treaty was instigated by disputes and power struggles within the Javanese kingdoms, which the VOC capitalized on to extend its influence.

The Java War, also known as the Diponegoro War, began on July 28, 1825, and was a major conflict between the Javanese population, led by Prince Diponegoro, and the Dutch colonial government. Semarang was used as a key logistical base for Dutch operations during the war. The conflict was a response to Dutch taxation and cultural impositions, and it lasted until 1830. The war greatly affected the region and resulted in the death of over 200,000 people, setting back the local economy and altering Javanese society.

On March 1, 1942, Japanese forces invaded and occupied Semarang during their World War II conquest of the Dutch East Indies. The occupation marked the end of Dutch colonial rule in the region and led to significant changes in the socio-political landscape of Semarang. The Japanese administration reformed many aspects of local governance and economy, implemented harsh labor practices, and contributed to the Indonesian nationalist movement. The occupation lasted until the Japanese surrender in 1945.

The Battle of Semarang occurred from 15 to 20 October 1945 as part of the Indonesian National Revolution. Indonesian nationalist forces engaged in combat with returning Dutch colonial troops and Japanese troops who refused to surrender. This battle was part of the larger struggle for independence following the proclamation on August 17, 1945. Semarang was a focal point due to its strategic importance, and the conflict involved intense street fighting and significant casualties.

On January 1, 1966, Semarang officially became a municipality under the new Indonesian government structure following independence. This change was part of a broader effort to better organize and develop urban areas in Indonesia. Semarang, as the provincial capital of Central Java, was reorganized to improve administrative efficiency, infrastructure development, and public service delivery. The establishment of Semarang as a municipality facilitated the implementation of urban policies and plans boosting economic growth.

On December 15, 1993, the Sam Poo Kong Temple in Semarang was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This recognition was due to the temple's historical significance and unique architecture, highlighting Semarang as a city of cultural and historical importance. The temple, originally established by Chinese Muslim explorer Admiral Cheng Ho in the 15th century, serves as a symbol of Semarang's diverse cultural heritage and longstanding connections with China.

On February 5, 2004, Semarang experienced one of its most severe urban flooding disasters following days of incessant rains. The floods affected thousands of residents, submerged large parts of the city, and caused widespread damage to infrastructure and properties. This event highlighted the city's vulnerability to natural disasters, particularly flooding, leading to increased efforts on urban planning and the implementation of flood control measures by local authorities.

Tawang Station, one of the oldest railway stations in Indonesia, located in Semarang, completed its renovation on September 6, 2010. This renovation aimed to preserve the historical architecture while modernizing facilities to improve passenger services. The project was significant in enhancing Semarang's connectivity and boosting tourism. As a landmark, Tawang Station represents the city’s colonial history and continues to be a vital part of its transportation infrastructure.

On November 15, 2018, the Semarang city government completed a major revitalization project of the Old Town district. The initiative focused on restoring historical buildings, improving public facilities, and promoting tourism. The revitalization aimed to preserve the cultural heritage while supporting local economic development through tourism. Semarang's Old Town is now a vibrant area attracting visitors and showcasing the city's rich architectural history, blending colonial with local influences.

On March 12, 2019, the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system in Semarang, known as Trans Semarang, was officially launched. This public transportation initiative aimed to reduce traffic congestion and improve urban mobility. The BRT system offers an efficient, affordable, and environmentally friendly transportation option for the residents of Semarang. The establishment of Trans Semarang marked a significant step in urban transformation and improving the quality of life in the city.