Bangladesh

The Bangladesh Liberation War began on March 26, 1971, marking the start of a struggle for independence from Pakistan. The conflict arose due to political, cultural, and economic discrimination by the Pakistani regime against the Bengali population of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). The war was marked by widespread atrocities, including the Bangladesh genocide, and lasted until December 16, 1971, culminating in the victory of the Bangladeshi forces with the support of Indian military intervention. The war resulted in significant loss of life and displacement of millions.

In 1974, Bangladesh experienced a devastating famine that led to widespread starvation and death. The famine was caused by a combination of natural disasters, such as floods, and mismanagement of food distribution by the government. The aftermath of the liberation war also contributed to the economic instability that exacerbated the situation. It is estimated that between 27,000 and 100,000 people died as a result of the famine, highlighting the challenges faced by the new nation in its early years.

On August 15, 1975, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding leader and first President of Bangladesh, was assassinated along with most of his family in a military coup. The event led to a period of political turmoil and military rule in Bangladesh. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman is considered the 'Father of the Nation' and his assassination deeply affected the country's political landscape. This coup had long-lasting implications for the governance and democracy in Bangladesh.

The 1991 Bangladesh cyclone was one of the deadliest tropical cyclones on record. Striking late in April, the cyclone caused a devastating storm surge that inundated coastal areas of Bangladesh. It caused over 138,000 fatalities and left as many as 10 million people homeless. The disaster prompted a massive international humanitarian response and emphasized the need for improved disaster preparedness and response mechanisms in Bangladesh, which has since become a model for cyclone preparedness.

On September 11, 2001, Bangladesh held its 11th National Parliamentary Elections amidst a tense political environment. The elections were characterized by significant competition and violence, with the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and its allies winning a majority. This election marked the return to power of the BNP after a five-year rule by the Awami League. Bangladesh faced challenges such as governance issues and political instability during this period, impacting its democratic processes.

A devastating fire occurred on June 25, 2010, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, killing approximately 124 people and injuring many more. The fire broke out in the Nimtoli area of Old Dhaka and rapidly spread due to flammable chemicals stored in residential buildings. This tragedy highlighted the inadequate fire safety measures, lack of proper urban planning, and the risks associated with dense population areas in the city. The disaster led to calls for stricter regulations and safety audits in urban residential and commercial zones.

The Rana Plaza building collapse on April 24, 2013, was a catastrophic structural failure in the Savar Upazila of Dhaka, Bangladesh, resulting in the death of 1,134 people. It is considered the deadliest garment-factory accident in history, raising global awareness about safety standards in the garment industry. The building housed five garment factories producing goods for famous brands. The disaster highlighted the poor safety conditions and led to reforms in Bangladesh's garment sector.

On July 1, 2016, militants attacked the Holey Artisan Bakery in Gulshan, Dhaka, resulting in the deaths of 22 individuals, including 17 foreigners. The attack was claimed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), though the Bangladeshi government blamed local militant groups. This was one of the deadliest terror attacks in Bangladesh's history and emphasized the rising threat of extremism in South Asia. The government responded with heightened security measures and counter-terrorism operations.

On August 25, 2017, a massive influx of Rohingya refugees began arriving in Bangladesh from Myanmar, following a military crackdown by Myanmar's armed forces. The United Nations described the situation as a 'textbook example of ethnic cleansing.' Bangladesh responded by providing refuge and humanitarian aid to nearly a million Rohingyas, despite facing significant logistical and economic challenges. The crisis drew international attention to the plight of the Rohingya people and highlighted human rights violations in Myanmar.

The COVID-19 pandemic reached Bangladesh on March 8, 2020, with the first case reported by Bangladesh's Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR). The pandemic had significant effects on public health, the economy, and social life. Bangladesh implemented various measures to contain the virus, including lockdowns, travel restrictions, and vaccinating its population. The country faced challenges related to healthcare capacity and vaccine distribution, impacting millions of lives and livelihoods.