Kolkata

Explore the rich timeline of Kolkata, a city of cultural and historical significance in India. From its early days as a village on the Hooghly River to its transformation into the cultural capital of India, discover key events that have shaped Kolkata's history and its influence in the region.

24 augustus 1690

23 juni 1757

28 juni 1858

28 december 1885

12 december 1911

1 januari 1943

16 augustus 1946

15 augustus 1947

26 maart 1971

4 december 2001

1 maart 2013

24augustus
1690
24 August 1690

Foundation of Kolkata

Job Charnock, an agent of the East India Company, is traditionally associated with founding the city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) when he set up a trading post on the Hooghly River in present-day West Bengal. This marked the beginning of British colonial influence in the region and laid the groundwork for the development of Kolkata as a major center of commerce and governance.

23juni
1757
23 June 1757

Battle of Plassey

The Battle of Plassey was a decisive victory of the British East India Company over the Nawab of Bengal and his French allies. The battle was fought in Murshidabad, near Kolkata, and marked the beginning of British rule in India. Robert Clive's victory paved the way for the expansion of the British Empire across India, profoundly influencing the history, politics, and economics of Kolkata and the entire subcontinent.

28juni
1858
28 June 1858

Proclamation of British Raj

The British government took direct control over India from the East India Company following the Indian Rebellion of 1857. This event marked the beginning of the British Raj, with Kolkata (then Calcutta) as the capital of British India until 1911. It became a hub of political activity and economic development and played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence.

28december
1885
28 December 1885

Indian National Congress Founded

The Indian National Congress (INC), a political party central to the Indian independence movement, was founded in Bombay (now Mumbai) but held its sessions in various cities including Kolkata. Kolkata served as the venue for crucial INC meetings, making it a focal point for the development of strategies and discussions about the country's future.

12december
1911
12 December 1911

Delhi Durbar and Transfer of Capital

King George V announced the transfer of the capital of British India from Kolkata to Delhi during the Delhi Durbar in 1911. This decision ended Kolkata's status as the capital city, though it remained a major center for commerce, culture, and politics. The move was partly a response to political unrest and the strategic advantages of Delhi's location.

01januari
1943
01 January 1943

Bengal Famine of 1943

The Bengal Famine of 1943 was a devastating famine in British India that affected the Bengal province (now split between Bangladesh and India) during World War II. Kolkata, then the capital of Bengal, witnessed massive food shortages, resulting in the deaths of an estimated two to three million people due to starvation, malnutrition, and disease. This tragedy highlighted the British administration's failure to address the crisis effectively.

16augustus
1946
16 August 1946

The Great Calcutta Killings

The Great Calcutta Killings, also known as the Direct Action Day riots, occurred in Kolkata and were one of the worst instances of Hindu-Muslim violence before India's independence. Organized political actions led to communal riots that spiraled out of control, resulting in casualties and destruction. These events signaled the rising tensions that eventually led to the partition of India in 1947.

Sources:
BBC |
15augustus
1947
15 August 1947

Independence of India

India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947. At the time, Kolkata, one of the major cities in newly independent India, played a significant role in the independence movement. Although the partition of Bengal led to widespread upheaval and displacement, Kolkata emerged as a crucial economic and cultural center in post-independence India.

Sources:
BBC |
26maart
1971
26 March 1971

Bangladesh Liberation War

The Bangladesh Liberation War began on March 26, 1971, and had a profound impact on Kolkata due to its proximity to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). During the conflict, Kolkata became a refuge for millions of Bangladeshis fleeing the violence, dramatically influencing the city's demographics, economy, and social fabric. The war ended with the creation of the independent nation of Bangladesh.

Sources:
04december
2001
04 December 2001

2001 Kolkata Attack

The 2001 Kolkata attack was a terrorist attack on the American Center in Kolkata on January 22, 2002. The attack involved a group of gunmen who opened fire on the security personnel, resulting in the deaths of five policemen. This incident emphasized the city's vulnerability to terrorism and led to increased security measures and counter-terrorism efforts in Kolkata and other Indian cities.

01maart
2013
01 March 2013

Kolkata Metro Expansion

The Kolkata Metro, India's first underground metro railway, began its expansion in the 21st century. In 2013, significant sections of the metro were opened to the public, improving urban transportation in the city. This expansion has continued to enhance connectivity, reduce traffic congestion, and contribute to the economic and social development of Kolkata as a modern metropolis.

Frequently asked questions about Kolkata

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