Santiago de Compostela

The Liber Sancti Jacobi, also known as the Codex Calixtinus, was compiled around September 13, 1140. This manuscript, associated with the pilgrimage route of Santiago de Compostela, is a key medieval text detailing liturgies, the legend of St. James, and the pilgrimage's cultural aspects. It is an important historical document of the medieval period and showcases the significance of the pilgrimage and the city as a spiritual hub during that era. It is preserved at the cathedral's library.

The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, an iconic symbol of the city and the end point of the Way of St. James pilgrimage route, was consecrated on April 21, 1211. The event marked the completion of major construction that started in the 11th century. The cathedral is renowned for its Romanesque architecture and the Baroque façade added later. It houses the reputed tomb of St. James, the apostle of Jesus, which has made it a significant pilgrimage destination for centuries.

The University of Santiago de Compostela was officially founded on February 22, 1495. It was established to provide higher education and promote learning in Galicia. Over the centuries, the university has developed into one of the leading academic institutions in Spain, renowned for its research and comprehensive range of disciplines. It plays a crucial role in the cultural and intellectual life of Santiago de Compostela, attracting students and scholars from across the globe.

The Santiago Fervor festival, which celebrates the Apostle James, was inaugurated on September 16, 1873. This annual event includes religious ceremonies, cultural activities, and a traditional procession dedicated to the city's patron saint. It attracts thousands of participants every year, reaffirming the deep religious and cultural traditions that are hallmark to Santiago de Compostela. The festival is one of the most important cultural events in the city drawing locals and tourists alike.

On July 25, 1936, the Battle of Santiago de Compostela took place as part of the Spanish Civil War. This battle resulted in nationalist forces gaining control of the city, which was a strategic stronghold in northwestern Spain. The battle occurred shortly after the start of the war, which began with a military uprising. The conflict lasted until 1939, leaving a lasting impact on the region and its people.

On October 23, 1985, Santiago de Compostela was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This recognition was due to its outstanding universal value as a pilgrimage center and its exceptional monumental ensemble. The city is the culmination of the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage route, which has its origins in the 9th century, making it a significant cultural and spiritual site. The historic old town is noted for its beautiful Romanesque, Gothic, and Baroque architecture, as well as for the impressive Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.

World Youth Day 1993 was held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, from July 21 to July 25. Pope John Paul II attended the event, which drew hundreds of thousands of young Catholics from around the world. The celebration included catechesis sessions, prayers, and a final mass led by the Pope. This event marked an important gathering of youth to celebrate faith, culture, and unity, further highlighting the city's importance as a religious and cultural landmark.

On July 13, 1998, part of the Collegiate Church of Santa María la Real de Sar in Santiago de Compostela collapsed. This event caused significant damage to the structure known for its Romanesque architecture. Thankfully, there were no casualties in the incident. The church, which dates back to the 12th century, is an important historical landmark and is renowned for its leaning columns and beautiful cloisters. Restoration efforts were promptly undertaken to preserve its architectural glory.

On December 31, 2000, Santiago de Compostela celebrated the conclusion of the Great Jubilee. This Holy Year holds special significance for pilgrims, as it marks a time when the feast of St. James, July 25, falls on a Sunday. The city welcomed numerous pilgrims who came to pass through the Holy Door at the cathedral and partake in various religious ceremonies and events. This celebration emphasized Santiago's enduring importance as a religious destination in the Catholic world.

The City of Culture of Galicia, a complex of cultural buildings in Santiago de Compostela designed by architect Peter Eisenman, officially opened on September 13, 2004. This ambitious project was intended to create a space for culture, art, and knowledge in Galicia. The complex has become a significant cultural landmark and includes museums, archives, and art spaces. Despite some controversy over its cost and impact, it has established itself as a hub for cultural activities and initiatives.

On August 15, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI visited Santiago de Compostela as part of his pilgrimage to the shrine of St. James during the Jacobean Holy Year. This visit highlighted the importance of the city as a major religious site. He celebrated mass at the Plaza del Obradoiro in front of the cathedral, attended by thousands of pilgrims and worshipers. The Pope's visit underscored the spiritual significance of the city in the Catholic faith.

On July 24, 2013, one of the worst train accidents in recent Spanish history occurred near Santiago de Compostela when a passenger train derailed. The tragedy resulted in 80 deaths and about 140 injuries. The accident was a profound shock to Spain and led to widespread mourning. It was later determined that the train was traveling at an excessive speed and that various human factors contributed to the disaster. Memorial services and commemorations were held in memory of the victims.