Ragusa

The County of Ragusa was officially established in 1030, marking the beginning of its development as an independent state. Though initially under Byzantine influence, Ragusa managed to grow its autonomy mainly due to its strategic location and the decline of other powerful neighbors.

In 1148, Ragusa recognized the authority of the Byzantine Empire once more in exchange for protection against Norman attacks. This political move illustrates the delicate balance the city maintained through diplomatic means to safeguard its autonomy and economic interests.

In 1204, after the Fourth Crusade and the sack of Constantinople, Ragusa allied itself with the Republic of Venice. This alliance, although sometimes tense, brought significant economic benefits to Ragusa as it gained the protection and commercial opportunities afforded by a powerful maritime empire.

The Treaty of Zadar in 1358 marked the end of Venetian control over Ragusa when it became a vassal state of Hungary. This treaty transformed Ragusa into a distinct political entity, which fostered its growth as a major trading center in the Adriatic.

On April 6, 1667, a devastating earthquake struck Ragusa, resulting in severe destruction and loss of life. Approximately 5,000 people were killed, and most of the city's Renaissance buildings were destroyed. The earthquake had a long-lasting impact, necessitating extensive rebuilding efforts.

In August 1806, during the Napoleonic Wars, Ragusa was occupied by Napoleon's armies. This event marked the beginning of French rule, leading to significant administrative and social changes in the city. The Republic of Ragusa was formally dissolved in 1808.

Following the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna in 1815 reorganized the territories, leading to Ragusa's incorporation into the Austrian Empire. This decision was part of a larger strategy to stabilize Europe and diminish French influence.

In the aftermath of World War I, Ragusa became part of the newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs, prior to being integrated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. This transition marked the end of Austro-Hungarian influence in the region.

In 1979, the historical city of Dubrovnik was inscribed onto the UNESCO World Heritage List due to its outstanding medieval architecture and fortified old town. This designation highlighted the cultural and historical significance of Dubrovnik, bringing international recognition and tourism.

In 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence, the Siege of Dubrovnik began as Yugoslav People's Army forces blockaded and attacked the city. Despite the attack, Ragusa, now known as Dubrovnik, was not captured. The siege lasted until May 1992, causing significant damage.