Novi Sad

In 1748, Novi Sad was granted the status of a free royal city by Empress Maria Theresa of the Habsburg Monarchy. This significant change allowed the city to govern itself with greater autonomy, promoting economic growth and development. The city was able to conduct trade more freely and began to flourish as a center of commerce. This period marked the beginning of a transformation that would see Novi Sad grow in importance both culturally and economically, helping shape its character as an influential city in the region.

The city of Novi Sad suffered extensive damage on June 12, 1849, when it was bombarded by the Austrian army during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. This event devastated the city, destroying or damaging a substantial number of buildings, including its architectural landmarks. The rebuilding effort in the subsequent years contributed to a reinvention of the city's landscape, architecture, and infrastructure. This moment in history left a lasting impact on the development and identity of Novi Sad.

On November 25, 1918, following the end of World War I, the Great People's Assembly was held in Novi Sad by the National Council of Serbs, Bunjevci, and other Slavs from Banat, Bačka, and Baranja regions. The assembly proclaimed the secession of these regions from the Austro-Hungarian Empire and their unification with the Kingdom of Serbia, subsequently joining the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. This event marked a significant political shift that changed the course of Novi Sad's history.

In January 1942, during World War II, Hungarian forces carried out a raid in Novi Sad, where they committed a massacre against civilians. The raid, lasting several days, led to the killing of numerous innocent people, including Serbs, Jews, and Roma, along with many others being deported or imprisoned. This tragic event left a deep scar on the city's population and is remembered as a horrific episode in its history.

EXIT Festival, one of Southeast Europe's largest and most popular music festivals, was first held in Novi Sad in 1989. Originally organized as a student movement for democracy and freedom, the festival began to take place annually at the Petrovaradin Fortress. It not only showcases a diverse range of music and performers but also promotes social and environmental causes. EXIT has grown significantly since its inception and is now a major cultural event that draws tens of thousands of visitors from around the world each year.

During the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, Novi Sad was heavily targeted. The bombing campaign, which lasted from March to June, caused significant destruction in the city, including the destruction of all three bridges over the Danube River, cutting the city in two. Key infrastructure and civilian areas were affected, displacing residents and causing long-lasting repercussions for the economic and social fabric of the city. The campaign has left a profound impact on Novi Sad's development and psyche.

In 2008, following Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia, widespread protests erupted in Novi Sad, expressing opposition to the recognition of Kosovo as an independent state. Demonstrators took to the streets, reflecting the strong sentiments and nationalistic feelings within Serbia regarding Kosovo. The protests in Novi Sad were part of a broader wave of demonstrations across the country, showcasing the deep political and emotional rifts caused by Kosovo's secession.

In 2011, Novi Sad hosted its first International Street Performers Festival, a vibrant cultural event that celebrates street art and performance. The festival brings together artists from around the world, offering a platform for showcasing eclectic artistic performances ranging from acrobatics to music and theater. The event has grown in popularity and significance, enriching the city's cultural scene and attracting both locals and tourists to experience the lively atmosphere and diverse performances.

In 2016, Novi Sad was named the European Capital of Culture for the year 2021. This designation recognizes the city's rich cultural heritage and vibrant arts scene. The title of European Capital of Culture helps promote cultural initiatives and international collaboration, as well as boosts tourism and economic development in the city. Despite challenges presented by the global pandemic, Novi Sad has actively worked to fulfill the promise of this title by organizing a wide array of cultural events and activities.

Fruška Gora National Park, located near Novi Sad, was declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2021. This recognition emphasizes the park's rich biodiversity and conservation value. The designation aims to promote sustainable development while conserving genetic resources, species, and ecosystems. Fruška Gora, dubbed the 'jewel of Serbia,' is an important natural and cultural asset, featuring diverse wildlife, historical monasteries, and opportunities for recreational activities.