Nicaragua

On September 15, 1821, Nicaragua, along with other Central American countries, declared independence from Spanish rule. This day is now celebrated annually as Independence Day in Nicaragua and marks the end of nearly 300 years of colonial domination by Spain. The transition to independence was part of a larger movement across Latin America during the early 19th century.

After gaining independence from Spain, Nicaragua joined the Federal Republic of Central America on July 1, 1824. This political entity was an attempt to unify several Central American states under a single federal government, but it eventually dissolved due to internal conflicts and regional disagreements.

In 1856, American adventurer William Walker invaded Nicaragua and declared himself president with the aim of establishing an English-speaking colony. His regime was marked by significant conflict and instability as he sought to expand his control across Central America. Walker's actions were part of a broader pattern of filibustering, where American private armies intervened in Latin American politics.

On March 31, 1931, a devastating earthquake struck Nicaragua, particularly affecting the capital, Managua. The earthquake caused extensive destruction of buildings and infrastructure, resulting in significant loss of life and economic disruption in one of the most severe natural disasters in the country's history.

The Somoza family came to power in Nicaragua in 1937 with Anastasio Somoza García becoming the President of Nicaragua. This marked the beginning of a dictatorial dynasty that controlled Nicaragua for much of the 20th century. The Somozas ruled with support from the United States and maintained their power through force, patronage, and manipulation of elections.

A catastrophic earthquake struck Nicaragua on December 23, 1972, severely damaging Managua, the country's capital. The disaster killed approximately 5,000 people and left 250,000 homeless. It prompted international aid and had long-lasting effects on the country's political and economic landscape.

The Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) successfully overthrew the dictatorial government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle on July 17, 1979. This marked the end of the Somoza dynasty and led to the establishment of a revolutionary government in Nicaragua. The revolution was part of a broader insurgency that was supported by various sectors dissatisfied with Somoza's rule.

The national elections held in Nicaragua on November 4, 1984, were a pivotal moment in the country's history. The elections, which occurred during the U.S.-backed Contra War, saw the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) secure power with Daniel Ortega becoming the President. The elections sparked controversy and were criticized by some international observers as unfair due to the ongoing conflict.

The Nicaraguan general election held on February 25, 1990, resulted in a major political shift in the country. Violeta Chamorro of the National Opposition Union (UNO) defeated incumbent President Daniel Ortega of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). Chamorro's victory marked the first time in Nicaragua's history that an opposition candidate peacefully assumed power.

Daniel Ortega, leader of the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), was elected president of Nicaragua on November 5, 2006. His election marked a significant political shift and represented a return to power for the Sandinista movement after losing the presidency in 1990. This election underscored ongoing political divisions and the enduring influence of the Sandinista Revolution.