Nepal

On February 18, 1951, Nepal witnessed the advent of democracy after a popular uprising against the autocratic Rana regime. The revolution resulted in the establishment of a democratic government, ending over a century of Rana rule. The movement was led by the Nepali Congress, which played a significant role in uniting people against the feudal system and advocating for people's rights and representation.

The People's Movement or Jana Andolan of 1990 culminated on April 19, 1990, when King Birendra lifted the ban on political parties and the country transitioned to a constitutional monarchy. This movement forced the end of the Panchayat system, which was introduced by King Mahendra in 1960. The uprising was characterized by widespread protests and demands for democracy, leading to significant reforms and the establishment of a multiparty democratic system in Nepal.

On July 19, 1993, Nepal experienced one of its most devastating natural disasters when widespread flooding caused by heavy monsoon rains resulted in the loss of over 1,400 lives and displaced thousands. The flood severely affected infrastructure, agriculture, and communities, prompting national and international relief efforts. The disaster highlighted Nepal's vulnerability to natural calamities and the need for effective disaster management and preparedness strategies.

The Nepal Civil War, also known as the Maoist Insurgency, began on February 13, 1996, when the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) launched an armed revolt against the government. The insurgency aimed to overthrow the monarchy and establish a people's republic. The war, which lasted for a decade, resulted in over 17,000 deaths and left many more displaced. It ended in 2006 with the signing of a peace agreement and significant political changes in Nepal's governance.

The Nepal Royal Massacre occurred on June 1, 2001, when Crown Prince Dipendra allegedly assassinated nine members of the royal family, including King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, before shooting himself. The massacre took place during a monthly family gathering at the Narayanhiti Royal Palace. Crown Prince Dipendra was declared king while in a coma, and he died three days later. The motives behind the massacre remain unclear and are the subject of much speculation.

On November 21, 2006, the Comprehensive Peace Accord was signed between the Government of Nepal and the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), officially ending the Nepal Civil War. This historic agreement paved the way for the Maoists to join mainstream politics, leading to the drafting of a new constitution and eventually the abolition of the monarchy. The peace process was instrumental in transitioning Nepal into a federal democratic republic.

On May 28, 2008, the newly elected Constituent Assembly of Nepal declared the country a federal democratic republic, formally abolishing the 240-year-old monarchy. This decision marked a significant shift in Nepal's political landscape, ending the royal family's rule and making Nepal a secular state. The last monarch, King Gyanendra, vacated the Narayanhiti Royal Palace in Kathmandu, which was turned into a public museum.

On April 25, 2015, Nepal experienced a devastating earthquake with a magnitude of 7.8, causing widespread destruction and loss of life. The earthquake, also known as the Gorkha earthquake, resulted in nearly 9,000 deaths and injured thousands more. It struck near the city of Kathmandu and affected several parts of Nepal, as well as parts of India, China, and Bangladesh. Many historical sites, including temples and monuments, were severely damaged.

On June 6, 2017, Nepal signed a framework agreement with China to join the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), marking a significant expansion of Nepal-China relations. By joining the BRI, Nepal aimed to boost infrastructure development, including the construction of highways, railways, and energy projects, enhancing connectivity and economic cooperation with China. This move was viewed as an opportunity for Nepal to diversify its economic partnerships and reduce dependency on India.

On July 31, 2019, Nepal formally adopted a new political map that incorporated territories disputed with India, including Lipulekh, Kalapani, and Limpiyadhura. This move came after India's inauguration of a new road connecting the Lipulekh pass, which Nepal claimed infringed on its territory. Nepal's decision to release the revised map resulted in significant diplomatic tensions between the two countries as both sides accused each other of encroachment.