Dublin

On 22 May 2015, the Republic of Ireland held a historic referendum on same-sex marriage. The proposal was to amend the Irish constitution to allow marriage equality. The result was a resounding 'Yes', with 62% voting in favor. Dublin, as the capital, played a central role in the campaign and celebrations. This made Ireland the first country to legalize same-sex marriage by popular vote, marking a significant shift in social attitudes and a milestone in LGBT rights.

On November 21, 2010, it was confirmed that Ireland would receive an international bailout from the European Union and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) due to its significant financial crisis. The Dublin-based government agreed to the package valued at 85 billion euros to help stabilize the country's banking system and public finances, severely hit by the housing market collapse and subsequent banking problems. The deal required strict austerity measures and economic reforms.

On 7 November 1990, Mary Robinson was elected as the 7th President of Ireland, becoming the first woman to hold the office. Her election represented a major turning point in Irish politics and society, known for advocating liberal causes and challenging traditional roles. Robinson's presidency marked a shift towards a more inclusive and progressive Ireland, with Dublin at the heart of these changes. Her presidency is remembered for its modernization and reformistic outlook.

The Dublin Millennium refers to a year of celebrations marking the 1000th anniversary, in 1988, of the first documented reference to the city of Dublin. The public celebrations throughout the year included cultural, sporting, and community events. The highlight was a year-long programme of activities to promote Dublin's rich history and culture. The millennium celebrations aimed to enhance civic pride and heritage in both residents and visitors to the city.

In September 1979, Pope John Paul II made a papal visit to Ireland, marking the first time a pope set foot on Irish soil. During his three-day stay, the Pope celebrated mass at various locations, including Dublin's Phoenix Park, which attracted over a million people, making it the largest gathering in Irish history at that time. The visit was significant as it occurred during the backdrop of the Troubles in Northern Ireland, with the Pope calling for peace and reconciliation.

The Dublin and Monaghan bombings on 17 May 1974 were a series of terrorist attacks in Dublin and Monaghan, Ireland. Three car bombs exploded in Dublin during rush hour and a fourth exploded in Monaghan, a border town, within 90 minutes. These were the deadliest attack of the conflict known as the Troubles, resulting in 33 deaths and nearly 300 injuries. The Ulster Volunteer Force, a loyalist paramilitary group, was responsible.

The Irish Civil War was a conflict that followed the Irish War of Independence and accompanied the establishment of the Irish Free State, an entity independent from the United Kingdom but within the British Empire. The war was waged between two opposing groups of Irish nationalists: the pro-treaty Provisional Government and the anti-treaty IRA over the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The war began with bombardments in Dublin and led to bitter fighting throughout the country.

The Easter Rising was an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week, April 1916. It was launched by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland and establish an independent Irish Republic. It took place primarily in Dublin and lasted for six days. The British Army suppressed the uprising, and most of the leaders were executed. This event was significant in the struggle for Irish independence.

The Dublin Lock-out was a major industrial dispute between approximately 20,000 workers and 300 employers which took place in Dublin, Ireland. It began on 26 August 1913 and lasted for approximately eight months. The dispute was centered on the right to unionize and was the most severe and significant industrial dispute in Irish history. The lock-out eventually failed, but it became a landmark in Irish labor history and was a precursor to the larger national fight for workers' rights.

The Great Famine, also known as the Irish Potato Famine, started in 1845 and lasted until 1852. The event began with a series of failed potato crops due to late blight, a disease that destroys both the leaves and the edible roots, or tubers, of the potato plant. A significant proportion of the Irish population depended solely on the potato for their sustenance. In Dublin, the effects of the famine were seen in the massive influx of the destitute into the city seeking help and food.