Alexander Prokhorov

Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov was born on July 11, 1916, in Atherton, Queensland, Australia. He later moved with his family to Russia, where he became a renowned physicist. Prokhorov's work was foundational in the field of quantum electronics and the development of the maser and laser technologies.

Alexander Prokhorov, working with Nikolay Basov in the Soviet Union, successfully operated the first maser device in 1954. The maser, which stands for 'Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation,' was a groundbreaking development. It laid the groundwork for future laser technology, allowing for the amplification of microwave signals, which was crucial for various scientific and technological advancements.

In 1955, Prokhorov, together with Nicolay Basov, published significant theoretical papers on the maser. Their work, 'Possibility of Amplifying Electromagnetic Waves by Means of Resonant Levels of Gases,' provided the theoretical underpinning for the successful creation of maser technology. This publication was a cornerstone in the practical realization and widespread understanding of the maser and laser processes.

In 1962, Prokhorov established a new division for laser physics at the Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow. This was a significant step in advancing research into laser technology in the Soviet Union. Under his leadership, the division generated numerous innovations and further development in quantum electronics and laser applications, influencing scientific progress in the Cold War era.

In 1964, Alexander Prokhorov, along with Nikolay Basov and Charles Townes, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics. They were recognized for their fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which led to the development of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle. This innovative work paved the way for the vast applications of laser technology we see today.

Alexander Prokhorov made substantial contributions to the field of holography, a method of creating three-dimensional images using laser light. Around 1971, his work in laser holography advanced the theoretical and practical understanding of this technology. The invention and subsequent development of laser holography had profound implications for imaging technology in both scientific and commercial applications.

Prokhorov played a leading role in compiling and publishing the first encyclopedia dedicated to laser technology. Published in 1983, it compiled critical research, developments, and applications of laser technology up to that point. This work facilitated educational and practical advancements in laser science, becoming a valuable resource for scientists and engineers worldwide.

In 1984, the Prokhorov General Physics Institute was established under Prokhorov's guidance in Moscow. The institute was dedicated to advancing research in general and applied physics, fostering innovations across multiple branches of science. It became a leading research center, particularly noted for its work in optics and laser technology.

In 1988, Prokhorov was appointed as the editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Soviet Physics Uspekhi (now known as Physics Uspekhi). Under his editorial leadership, the journal became an important platform for the dissemination of significant scientific research, contributing to the global scientific exchange during the latter years of the Soviet Union.

Alexander Prokhorov passed away on January 8, 2002, in Moscow, Russia. His contributions to physics, particularly in the fields of maser and laser technology, have left an indelible mark on the scientific community. Prokhorov's legacy continues through the numerous technologies and applications arising from his pioneering work. His life and work are remembered as part of the great advances in science during the 20th century.