Tirana

On February 11, 1920, Tirana was officially proclaimed the capital of Albania. Before becoming the capital, the city was a small town, but the decision to move the capital from Durrës to Tirana was part of a broader strategy to centralize the government and develop the country’s infrastructure. This marked the beginning of Tirana's transformation into the political, economic, and cultural hub of Albania.

Tirana was liberated from German occupation on November 17, 1944, by the communist-led National Liberation Movement. This event marked the end of German control and was a significant moment in Albania's World War II history, leading to the establishment of a communist government under Enver Hoxha. The liberation was achieved after a fierce battle within the city involving local partisans.

In March 1991, a massive student movement in Tirana played a critical role in the collapse of the communist regime in Albania. Students from the University of Tirana organized mass protests demanding political reforms and an end to communist rule. These demonstrations contributed to the eventual transition of Albania into a democracy and the establishment of a multi-party political system.

During the Kosovo War in 1999, Tirana became a significant host city for Kosovar refugees. By June 1999, thousands of refugees had poured into Albania, with Tirana serving as a major point of aid and relief efforts. The city faced a humanitarian crisis, and international organizations collaborated with the Albanian government to provide relief operations. This influx strengthened ties between Albanians and Kosovars.

On January 21, 2011, a major political protest took place in Tirana against the then-government led by Prime Minister Sali Berisha. Thousands gathered to protest alleged corruption and demand reform. The protest turned violent, resulting in the death of four people. This event highlighted the political tensions in Albania and led to increased scrutiny on government actions regarding civil rights and corruption.

The general elections held on June 23, 2013, were a pivotal moment in Tirana, as they resulted in a peaceful transfer of power from the Democratic Party to the Socialist Party. The elections were seen as a crucial step towards consolidating democratic norms in Albania, with Edi Rama becoming Prime Minister. It marked an important test for Albanian democracy and involved significant international monitoring to ensure fairness.

On November 26, 2019, the Tirana region was struck by a powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4. It was one of the strongest earthquakes to hit Albania in decades, causing significant damage to buildings and resulting in fatalities and injuries. The event brought an outpouring of international support for relief efforts. The Albanian government initiated reconstruction plans to help affected residents and rebuild damaged infrastructure.

The COVID-19 pandemic reached Tirana on March 9, 2020, when the first confirmed cases were reported. The Albanian government implemented a series of measures including lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing to curb the spread of the virus. The pandemic had a significant impact on Tirana's economy and healthcare system, leading to international aid and cooperation in handling the public health crisis.

The European Youth Forum selected Tirana as the European Youth Capital for 2022, an event aimed at empowering young people and enhancing youth participation in urban life. Throughout 2022, Tirana hosted numerous events, workshops, and cultural exchanges to engage youth and foster innovation. This initiative highlighted Tirana's role in promoting youth involvement and sustainable development across Europe.

On May 23, 2023, Tirana hosted the EU-Western Balkans summit, a significant diplomatic event aimed at strengthening the relationship between the European Union and the Western Balkans. The summit addressed key issues such as regional stability, economic cooperation, and the EU accession process for Western Balkan countries. The event underscored Tirana's growing importance as a venue for international diplomacy.