Oslo

In 1624, after a devastating fire, King Christian IV of Denmark-Norway ordered the rebuilding of Oslo at the site of Akershus Fortress, a strategic location. The king's vision was for a new renaissance town, structured and organized, which he called Christiania, after himself. This laid the foundation for modern Oslo's city planning.

On May 17, 1814, the Constitution of Norway was signed at Eidsvoll, which is close to Oslo. This was a pivotal moment in Norwegian history as it declared Norway an independent kingdom, with its own constitution, although in a union with Sweden. This day is celebrated as Norway's Constitution Day.

On April 9, 1940, Nazi Germany invaded Norway during Operation Weserübung, and Oslo was captured without resistance. The invasion was part of Germany's plan to secure control over Norwegian coastal cities to support operations in the North Atlantic and to transport Swedish iron ore.

The 1952 Winter Olympics, officially known as the VI Olympic Winter Games, were held in Oslo. This was the first Winter Olympics to be hosted by a Norwegian city. At these games, the host nation, Norway, had a strong showing, winning seven gold, three silver, and six bronze medals.

The Oslo Accords were signed on September 13, 1993. This historic event took place at the White House in Washington, D.C., but the negotiations and name originated from secret talks that were conducted in Oslo, Norway. The Accords marked a breakthrough in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.

On October 11, 2001, Oslo native Professor May-Britt Moser, along with her husband Edvard Moser, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for their work on the brain's navigation system, discovering grid cells in the entorhinal cortex which enable spatial navigation. This discovery provides insight into understanding how the brain represents space.

The Oslo Opera House, located at the head of the Oslofjord, officially opened its doors on August 31, 2008. Designed by the Norwegian architecture firm Snøhetta, it is noted for its award-winning design and has become a cultural landmark in the city, drawing visitors for both its performances and its architectural significance.

On July 22, 2011, Norway suffered devastating terrorist attacks in Oslo and on the island of Utøya. Anders Behring Breivik detonated a car bomb in Oslo’s government quarter, killing eight people, and later attacked a Workers' Youth League camp on Utøya, killing 69. It was Norway's worst attack since World War II.

In 2012, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held for the first time in the newly completed Oslo City Hall. This new venue provided a larger setting fitting the prestigious nature of the event, celebrating contributions to peace and humanitarian efforts. The Nobel Peace Prize has been awarded annually in Oslo since 1901.

The Norwegian women's national handball team, playing an impressive tournament, won the 2013 European Women's Handball Championship. The event highlighted Norway's strong presence in international handball and further established the country as a powerhouse in the sport. Repeat performances in subsequent years would cement their status.