Ed Turns

Expedition 1, the first resident crew of the International Space Station (ISS), launched from Kazakhstan and arrived at the station on November 2, 2000. This marked the beginning of continuous human presence in space, with rotating crews living and working on the ISS ever since. The ISS serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory that conducts scientific research across numerous fields. This milestone in international space cooperation showcases the collaborative efforts of space agencies worldwide and represents significant advancements in space exploration.

On September 11, 2001, a series of coordinated terrorist attacks were carried out by the militant Islamist group al-Qaeda against the United States. Four passenger airliners were hijacked, with two crashing into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, one into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and another, United Airlines Flight 93, crashing into a field in Pennsylvania. This tragic event led to the deaths of nearly 3,000 people and prompted a significant shift in U.S. domestic and foreign policy, leading to the War on Terror.

Facebook, the social networking site that would come to dominate the social media landscape, was launched by Mark Zuckerberg along with his fellow Harvard students. Initially created as a platform for college students to connect, Facebook quickly expanded, gaining millions of users worldwide. The platform transformed how people communicate and share information online, changing the nature of social interaction and internet consumption. Facebook's rise symbolizes the digital era's influence on society, economy, and politics, highlighting privacy concerns and the power of tech companies.

In response to the harsh economic downturn known as the financial crisis of 2007-2008, the United States government passed the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) on October 3, 2008. The program authorized the Treasury to purchase distressed assets and supply banks with capital to stabilize the financial system. TARP aimed to bolster the failing banking industry and restore confidence in the financial markets. The bailout was a pivotal moment in the global financial crisis, preventing a complete economic collapse and leading to significant debates on government intervention in markets.

On this date, Apple Inc. announced the release of the iPad, a revolutionary new tablet device that combined the functionality of a laptop with the ease of use of a smartphone. The iPad, equipped with a touch screen, Wi-Fi connectivity, and access to a plethora of applications, quickly became a popular device for both personal and professional use. The introduction of the iPad marked a significant milestone in consumer electronics, establishing a new category of mobile devices and transforming media consumption habits globally.

The European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission successfully landed its Philae probe on the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. This historic event marked the first time a spacecraft landed on a comet's surface. Rosetta's mission provided valuable data about the composition and behavior of comets, which are considered to be among the oldest objects in our solar system. The Philae lander was equipped with a range of scientific instruments and managed to transmit significant data back to Earth, despite challenges encountered during the landing process.

At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris, 195 nations adopted the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate deal. The agreement, which aims to limit global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius compared to pre-industrial levels, represents a milestone in international climate policy. Nations committed to ambitious efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions, increase climate resilience, and support developing countries in their transitions to sustainable energy sources. This landmark agreement underscored the global commitment to combating climate change and creating sustainable futures.

Chinese scientist He Jiankui announced that he had created the world's first genetically edited babies using the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. This revelation sparked a significant ethical debate worldwide over genetic editing and its implications. He claimed to have altered the twins’ DNA to confer resistance to HIV, but the announcement was met with widespread condemnation from the scientific community due to the ethical concerns and potential unintended consequences. This event marked a major milestone in biotechnology and raised discussions about the moral limits of scientific advancements.

A devastating fire engulfed Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, causing significant damage to the iconic medieval structure. The blaze, which lasted over 12 hours, destroyed the cathedral’s spire and much of the roof. Notre-Dame is one of the most famous Gothic cathedrals in the world and holds immense historical, cultural, and religious significance. The fire sparked an international outpouring of grief and prompted global fundraising efforts for its restoration. This event highlighted the vulnerability of historic sites and the importance of preserving cultural heritage.

NASA’s Perseverance rover successfully landed on the surface of Mars, beginning its mission to search for signs of past life and collect samples of Martian rock and regolith. The rover, which landed in Jezero Crater, is equipped with a suite of scientific instruments, including the first helicopter drone, Ingenuity, to fly on another planet. Perseverance represents the latest in a series of increasingly ambitious missions to Mars and is a critical step in NASA’s plans to eventually send humans to the Red Planet.