Campeche

The first known contact between the Spanish explorers and the region of Campeche occurred on March 22, 1517. The expedition led by Francisco Hernández de Córdoba encountered the coast of what is now the state of Campeche, marking the beginning of European interaction with the Maya civilization in the area. This event is significant as it paved the way for further Spanish expeditions and eventual colonization.

On October 4, 1540, the city of San Francisco de Campeche was founded by the Spanish conquistador Francisco Montejo the Younger. This event marked the establishment of one of the first Spanish settlements on the Yucatán Peninsula. The city served as an important strategic point for the conquest of the Yucatán and later became a crucial port for trade and colonization.

In July 1663, the city of Campeche was attacked and sacked by a coalition of pirates led by Englishman Christopher Myngs. This event is a notable part of the long history of piracy in the Caribbean, illustrating the vulnerability of colonial ports to pirate raids during this time. Campeche was targeted due to its wealth and status as a significant port in New Spain.

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Campeche was established in 1777, marking a significant development in the religious history of the region. This diocese played a crucial role in the evangelization and cultural integration of the indigenous populations in Campeche throughout the colonial period and beyond.

Campeche played an important role in the Mexican War of Independence, which concluded with the Treaty of Córdoba and the declaration of Mexican independence on September 27, 1821. The people of Campeche supported the independence movement, contributing to the broader struggle against Spanish colonial rule and the eventual establishment of Mexico as an independent nation.

On April 29, 1858, the first rail line in the Yucatán Peninsula was inaugurated, connecting the city of Campeche with Mérida. This development was a significant step forward for the region's infrastructure and economy, facilitating the transportation of goods and people between important cities on the peninsula.

On June 27, 1864, Campeche was officially declared a state within the Mexican Republic. This event followed its separation from the state of Yucatán. The recognition of Campeche as a separate state marked a new phase in its political and administrative history, allowing it greater autonomy and control over its affairs.

The state of Campeche, like many other regions in Mexico, was involved in the Mexican Revolution, a major armed struggle that began on November 20, 1910, against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz. In Campeche, the revolution led to significant social and economic changes, affecting the lives of its inhabitants and contributing to the national movement for reform and justice.

On January 20, 1977, significant oil reserves were discovered in the Bay of Campeche. This discovery was crucial for Mexico's economy, as the Bay became one of the major oil-producing areas in the world. The exploitation of these resources contributed to the growth of Mexico's petroleum industry and played a key role in the country's development.

The old town of Campeche and its fortifications were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site on December 1, 1999. This recognition was due to the city’s well-preserved colonial architecture and its historical significance as a fortified town. This designation has helped preserve Campeche's historical heritage and attract tourism, contributing to its economy and cultural preservation.