Baku

The Battle of Baku took place during the First World War and was a key event in the history of Azerbaijan. It was part of the larger operations in the Caucasus campaign and involved the Ottoman Islamic Army of the Caucasus, commanded by Nuri Pasha, battling against Bolshevik and Armenian Dashnak forces. The capture of Baku on September 15, 1918, was significant as it led to the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the first secular, democratic state in the Muslim East. It also marked the beginning of Azerbaijani independence.

Black January refers to an organized crackdown against the civilian population of Baku on January 20, 1990, where Soviet troops violently suppressed Azerbaijani independence protests. The night of January 19-20 saw troops entering the city, resulting in numerous civilian deaths and injuries. This event is viewed as a pivotal turning point that galvanized Azerbaijani sentiments towards independence from the Soviet Union and is commemorated annually in Azerbaijan. Many view Black January as a tragic yet significant moment in Azerbaijan’s path to sovereignty.

On October 18, 1991, Azerbaijan's Supreme Council adopted a Declaration of Independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. This was a historic moment for Azerbaijan as it restored its independence, originally declared in 1918 but lost during Soviet annexation in 1920. The restoration marked the beginning of Azerbaijan's modern statehood, leading to its membership in the United Nations and the recognition by the international community. The nation has since pursued a path of economic development and international cooperation.

The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline was officially opened on May 25, 2006. This major pipeline project connects Baku in Azerbaijan, Tbilisi in Georgia, and Ceyhan in Turkey, stretching 1,768 kilometers to transport Caspian oil to the Mediterranean Sea. The BTC pipeline is one of the world's longest and plays a crucial role in bypassing Russia for oil transportation, thus altering regional energy dynamics and enhancing Azerbaijan’s geopolitical significance. Its inauguration marked a new era of strategic energy trading routes.

On May 26, 2012, Baku hosted the final of the Eurovision Song Contest, the first time Azerbaijan hosted the event following Ell & Nikki's win in 2011. The contest took place at the newly built Baku Crystal Hall and was seen by millions of viewers worldwide. The event showcased Azerbaijan's ability to host large international events and was an opportunity for the country to promote its culture and modern image. Sweden won the contest that year with Loreen's song 'Euphoria'.

The inaugural European Games were held in Baku, Azerbaijan, from June 12 to 28, 2015. This multi-sport event, organized by the European Olympic Committees, was the first edition of what was intended to be a regular event in the sporting calendar. It featured over 6,000 athletes from 50 countries competing in 20 sports. Hosting the games provided Azerbaijan with an opportunity to showcase its sports infrastructure and organizational capabilities, further asserting itself as a hub for international sporting competitions.

The Baku City Circuit hosted the inaugural Formula 1 Grand Prix of Europe on June 17-19, 2016, marking Azerbaijan's entry into the world of Formula 1 racing. The race took place on a 6.003-kilometer city circuit with a unique blend of long straights and tight corners around Baku's historic center and modern skyline. This event not only boosted the city's international profile but also highlighted Azerbaijan's growing interest in motorsports, drawing global attention and tourism to the city.

The Azerbaijan Grand Prix, held on April 29, 2018, in Baku, was a memorable race in the Formula 1 calendar due to its dramatic and unpredictable nature. Sébastien Vettel started from pole position, but Lewis Hamilton secured victory after chaotic developments, including collisions, punctures, and a race restart. The Baku street circuit, known for its narrow and challenging layout, added to the excitement, further cementing Baku’s reputation as a thrilling motorsports destination. The event drew significant global media coverage.

On September 27, 2020, a new conflict erupted between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region, leading to a war that lasted until November 10, 2020. This conflict was marked by intense fighting, resulting in significant military and civilian casualties. The war ended with a Russian-brokered ceasefire, resulting in territorial gains for Azerbaijan, and thousands of ethnic Armenians fled the region. The war had a profound impact on the geopolitics of the South Caucasus and the local population.

The events surrounding the Lachin corridor between September 19-20, 2023, became a flashpoint in the ongoing Armenia-Azerbaijan tensions. The Azerbaijani forces launched a military operation, leading to widespread displacement and a rapid geopolitical shift in the balance of power in the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The operation effectively reasserted Azerbaijani control over the region, with significant international diplomatic reactions ensuing. This marked a new phase in Azerbaijan’s strategy concerning the territorial integrity narratives in the Caucasus.