Rotterdam

Explore the rich and dynamic history of Rotterdam through a detailed timeline. From its origins in the 13th century, through its major developments, destruction during World War II, and its remarkable post-war reconstruction, discover the key events that have shaped Rotterdam into the vibrant city it is today.

11 april 1340

1 april 1572

14 mei 1940

1 februari 1953

12 november 1970

4 september 1995

14 november 2001

12 februari 2010

30 augustus 2014

3 juni 2016

11april
1340
11 April 1340

Battle of Cadzand

The Battle of Cadzand in 1340 was one of the first engagements of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. The battle was a naval skirmish where a fleet led by the Englishman Edward III defeated the French. Although it did not take place in Rotterdam itself, the battle was significant to the economic and military standing of the maritime region, leading to increased strategic interest in port cities like Rotterdam.

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01april
1572
01 April 1572

Capture by Sea Beggars

In 1572, the city of Brielle, near Rotterdam, was captured by the Sea Beggars, rebels against Spanish rule. This event marked the beginning of the Eighty Years' War in the Netherlands, leading to the eventual independence of Dutch provinces from Spanish rule. It highlighted the strategic maritime importance of the region and served as inspiration for other cities such as Rotterdam to side against Spanish control.

14mei
1940
14 May 1940

Bombing of Rotterdam

On May 14, 1940, during World War II, the historic core of Rotterdam was almost completely destroyed by a bombing raid by the German Luftwaffe, in a bid to force the surrender of the Netherlands. This event left approximately 30,000 people homeless and killed nearly 900 residents. The city was quickly rebuilt in the post-war years and has since been known for its modern architecture, becoming a symbol of resilience and recovery.

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01februari
1953
01 February 1953

North Sea Flood

The North Sea Flood of 1953 was a devastating natural disaster affecting the Netherlands, including the Rotterdam area. Caused by a heavy storm combined with high spring tides, it resulted in widespread flooding that breached the Dutch levee system. Rotterdam sustained damage and the disaster claimed over 1,800 lives across the country. The flood led to the implementation of the Delta Works, a series of construction projects aimed at protecting the region from future floods.

12november
1970
12 November 1970

Erasmus University Founded

Erasmus University Rotterdam was officially founded on November 12, 1970. It was the result of merging the Netherlands School of Economics and the Medical Faculty Rotterdam. The university has since become one of the leading institutions of higher education in the Netherlands, known for its research in management, economics, and health sciences. It plays a vital role in Rotterdam's intellectual and academic reputation.

04september
1995
04 September 1995

Opening of the Erasmus Bridge

The Erasmus Bridge in Rotterdam officially opened on September 4, 1995. Designed by Ben van Berkel, this iconic bridge, known locally as 'The Swan' due to its shape, spans the Nieuwe Maas River and connects the northern and southern parts of the city. It is a key part of Rotterdam's infrastructure, holding the record as one of the most recognizable landmarks in the Netherlands, symbolizing Rotterdam's transformation and modern development.

14november
2001
14 November 2001

Port of Rotterdam Expansion

In 2001, the Port of Rotterdam, already Europe's largest port, embarked on an extensive expansion project known as Maasvlakte 2. This ambitious venture aimed to extend the port into the North Sea, facilitating larger ships and increased cargo handling capabilities. By 2013, Maasvlakte 2 had significantly increased the port's size, reinforcing its vital role in global shipping and trade and securing Rotterdam's status as a leading port city.

12februari
2010
12 February 2010

Rotterdam Central Station Renovation

Rotterdam Central Station underwent a major renovation and reconstruction project which was completed in 2010. The new design incorporated modern architectural elements and improved public transportation facilities to handle increasing passenger volumes. With its spectacular new look, it represents Rotterdam's commitment to modern infrastructure, enhancing urban mobility for residents and tourists, and has become a centerpiece of the city’s development efforts.

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30augustus
2014
30 August 2014

Grand Opening of Markthal

The Markthal in Rotterdam was officially opened on August 30, 2014. This innovative horseshoe-shaped building houses a combination of market stalls, restaurants, and apartments, creating a vibrant public space. As the first indoor market hall in the Netherlands, it has become a tourist attraction known for its unique design and cultural significance. The Markthal exemplifies Rotterdam’s contemporary urban development and creativity in architecture.

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03juni
2016
03 June 2016

FutureLand Opened

On June 3, 2016, FutureLand officially opened its doors to the public. This visitor center on the Maasvlakte 2 offers interactive exhibits and tours showcasing the innovative land reclamation and expansion of the Port of Rotterdam. Designed to educate and inspire, FutureLand provides insights into the maritime industry, engineering feats, and environmental efforts, making it a popular educational attraction for families and tourists exploring Rotterdam's cutting-edge port developments.

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Frequently asked questions about Rotterdam

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