Plovdiv

Plovdiv, originally known as Philippopolis, was founded in 342 BC by Philip II of Macedon. It is one of the earliest established cities in Europe. Its strategic location at the intersection of the Western and Eastern worlds contributed to its cultural significance. Over the centuries, it has seen numerous rulers and cultures, from Thracians to Romans and Byzantines, each leaving a mark on the city's rich heritage.

The city of Plovdiv was liberated from nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule on January 10, 1878, during the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. This marked the end of a long period of foreign domination and the beginning of its development as part of the newly restored Bulgarian state. The liberation was a significant turning point for Plovdiv, leading to cultural and economic revitalization.

On September 6, 1885, Eastern Rumelia, which included Plovdiv as its capital, united with the Principality of Bulgaria. This event is celebrated annually as the Unification Day of Bulgaria. The unification was a significant event in the formation of modern Bulgaria and was a crucial step towards its full independence and sovereignty. Plovdiv played a central role in this historic moment.

The first Bulgarian Agricultural and Industrial Exposition was held in Plovdiv on August 15, 1892. This event showcased the agricultural and industrial advancements of Bulgaria, serving as a platform for national economic development. It attracted visitors and participants from various regions, marking Plovdiv as an important hub for innovation and trade in the Balkans during that period.

During the First Balkan War, Plovdiv played a significant role as a military and supply base. The war, which began on October 16, 1912, involved a coalition of Balkan states fighting against the Ottoman Empire. Plovdiv's strategic location made it a pivotal center for military operations and logistics, furthering its importance in the Balkans during times of conflict.

On September 9, 1944, Plovdiv became part of the People's Republic of Bulgaria following a coup that established a communist regime in the country. This marked a significant political and social transformation as the communist regime implemented extensive changes in national policies, economy, and society. Plovdiv, as a major city, experienced substantial impacts during this tumultuous period.

After the fall of the communist regime, Plovdiv, along with the rest of Bulgaria, transitioned towards a democratic government. On December 12, 1990, Bulgaria's first democratic election took place, setting the stage for political and economic reforms. This transition period was significant for the city as it navigated through changes in governance and adapted to new economic challenges.

In 1999, Plovdiv hosted the International Fair, an event held to foster trade and cultural exchange. Held annually since its inception, the fair serves as a vital platform for international cooperation and economic development. It draws exhibitors and visitors from around the world, underscoring Plovdiv's ongoing role as a major economic and cultural center in Bulgaria and the Balkans.

Plovdiv was designated as the European Capital of Culture in 2019, marking a significant achievement for the city in fostering cultural heritage and contemporary creativity. This year-long cultural event welcomed artists, performers, and visitors from across Europe, highlighting Plovdiv's rich history and vibrant arts scene. It celebrated cultural diversity and encouraged intercultural dialogue.