The Irish Civil War began on June 28, 1922, following the split over the Anglo-Irish Treaty. The conflict was fought between the pro-treaty forces, who supported the establishment of the Irish Free State, and the anti-treaty forces, who opposed the treaty's terms. The war started with the bombardment of the Four Courts in Dublin, which had been occupied by anti-treaty forces. The civil war lasted until May 1923, resulting in the consolidation of the Irish Free State.

On January 7, 1922, the Dáil Éireann narrowly approved the Anglo-Irish Treaty, with a vote of 64 to 57. The approval of the treaty was a contentious issue, as it divided the Irish nationalist movement. Proponents, led by Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith, argued it was a stepping stone to full independence, while opponents, led by Éamon de Valera, rejected it for not establishing a fully independent republic. The division led to the Irish Civil War later that year.

The Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed on December 6, 1921, marking a significant milestone in the Irish struggle for independence. The treaty was negotiated between representatives of the British government and the Irish delegation, led by Arthur Griffith and Michael Collins. It established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Commonwealth, granting Ireland a degree of autonomy while maintaining allegiance to the British Crown. The treaty's signing led to a split in the Irish nationalist movement and eventually to the Irish Civil War.

On July 11, 1921, a truce was declared between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and British forces, effectively ending the active military phase of the Irish War of Independence. The truce followed months of negotiations and was a response to the mounting pressure for peace from both the British and Irish sides. It paved the way for the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations, which would ultimately lead to the establishment of the Irish Free State.

Bloody Sunday, November 21, 1920, was one of the most significant and violent days of the Irish War of Independence. It began with the assassination of 14 British intelligence officers by the IRA in Dublin, an operation led by Michael Collins. In retaliation, British forces opened fire on the crowd at a Gaelic football match in Croke Park, killing 14 civilians. The day's events highlighted the brutal nature of the conflict and intensified hostilities between the Irish and British forces.

On January 21, 1919, the First Dáil Éireann convened in Dublin, asserting itself as the legitimate parliament of an independent Irish Republic. This meeting marked the formal rejection of British authority in Ireland. The Dáil adopted a Declaration of Independence and issued a message to the free nations of the world, seeking international recognition. This event symbolized the beginning of the Irish War of Independence, as it was a direct challenge to British rule.

The Soloheadbeg Ambush, occurring on the same day as the First Dáil meeting, is often considered the first military engagement of the Irish War of Independence. Members of the Irish Volunteers ambushed a Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) escort carrying explosives in County Tipperary, resulting in the deaths of two RIC officers. This ambush marked the beginning of a guerrilla warfare campaign against British forces, setting the tone for the conflict that followed.

The 1918 General Election was a crucial turning point in Irish history, as it resulted in a landslide victory for Sinn Féin, a party committed to establishing an independent Irish Republic. Winning 73 out of 105 Irish seats, Sinn Féin's success demonstrated widespread support for Irish independence. The elected members refused to take their seats in the British Parliament and instead formed the Dáil Éireann, an Irish assembly, marking a significant step towards self-governance.

The Easter Rising was a pivotal event in Irish history, marking a significant escalation in the struggle for Irish independence. It began on April 24, 1916, when Irish republicans launched an armed insurrection against British rule in Ireland. The rebellion was primarily centered in Dublin, where key locations such as the General Post Office were seized by the insurgents. Although the rising was suppressed within a week, it galvanized nationalist sentiment and set the stage for the Irish War of Independence.